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发信人: Second (石开), 信区: Program
标 题: 比尔.盖茨致技术专家的一封信：我们为什么要建造.NET
发信站: 荔园晨风BBS站 (Tue Jul 17 22:59:57 2001), 转信
Why We’re Building .NET Technology
What will the next generation of the Internet look like? Many of us envision
an online world where constellations of PCs, servers, smart devices and Int
ernet-based services can collaborate seamlessly. Businesses will be able to
share data, integrate their processes, and join forces to offer customized,
comprehensive solutions to their customers. And the information you or your
business need will be available wherever you are -- whatever computing devic
e, platform or application you are using.
That vision has yet to be achieved. In many respects, today’s Internet stil
l mirrors the old mainframe world. It’s a server-centric computing model, w
ith the browser playing the role of dumb terminal. Much of the information y
our business needs is locked up in centralized databases, served up a page a
t a time to individual users. Worse, Web pages are simply a "picture" of the
data, not the data itself, forcing many developers back to "screen scraping
" to acquire information. And integrating that underlying data with your bus
iness’ existing systems -- never mind those of your partners -- is a costly
and frustrating challenge.
Compounding this frustration is the fact that today’s standalone applicatio
ns and Web sites create islands of functionality and data. You have to navig
ate manually between Web sites, devices and applications, logging in each ti
me and rarely being able to carry data with you. You have to keep constant t
rack of which particular application or device or Web site gives you which l
evel of access to which particular data. Tasks that ought to be simple -- su
ch as arranging a meeting with colleagues from partner companies and automat
ically updating every attendee’s calendar -- are a nightmare. Productivity
is one of the main casualties.
Solving such problems is the key challenge for the next generation of the In
ternet. At the heart of the solution is eXtensible Markup Language, or XML.
An open industry standard managed by the World Wide Web Consortium, XML enab
les developers to describe data being exchanged between PCs, smart devices,
applications and Web sites. Because XML separates the underlying data from h
ow that data is displayed, the data itself is "unlocked" so that it can easi
ly be organized, programmed, edited and exchanged between any Web sites, app
lications and devices. XML is a lingua franca for the Internet age. Just as
the Web revolutionized how users talk to applications, XML transforms how ap
plications talk to each other.
As developers become more familiar with XML, they are moving beyond simply u
sing it for data. With the help of XML-based technologies such as SOAP (whic
h enables applications to interoperate via standard Internet protocols) and
UDDI (which gives businesses a standard way to describe their services and c
onnect automatically), they are creating a new type of software that uses XM
L to provide Web-based services. These XML Web services are programmable and
reusable, much like component software, except that they are accessible any
where via the Internet. Programs using this model will run across multiple W
eb sites, drawing on information and services from each of them, and combini
ng and delivering them in customized form to any device.
How will businesses and their customers benefit from this? Because XML Web s
ervices break down the distinctions between the Internet, standalone applica
tions and computing devices of every kind, they enable businesses to collabo
rate to offer an unprecedented range of integrated and customized solutions
-- solutions that enable their customers to act on information any time, any
place and on any device.
The power of the XML Web services model is amazing. A company offering an on
line electronic-payment service can expose its service to partners, so that
they can deliver it as part of their own offering -- regardless of what plat
form they are using. An airline can link its online reservation system to th
at of a car-rental partner, so travelers can book a car at the same time the
y book a flight. An online auction company can notify bidders when they are
outbid or have won an auction, or could partner with other firms to offer al
ternative shipping, fulfillment or payment options. XML Web services help yo
ur business break free of its boundaries.
With XML Web services gaining momentum among developers as the next generati
on of Internet-based computing, it’s time to deliver a platform that makes
it simpler to build these solutions and provides a reliable framework for in
tegration and interoperability. Such a platform must be based on open standa
rds, so it can work across all programming languages, operating systems and
applications. And it must combine the power of PCs and smart devices with th
e richness of the Internet.
Microsoft’s platform for building, deploying, operating and integrating XML
Web services is .NET. You can learn more about the many benefits of .NET, a
nd find a roadmap for transforming your business to take advantage of everyt
hing it has to offer, by visiting the Microsoft .NET Web site. http://www.mi
crosoft.com/net/
Editor’s note: The first in Microsoft’s new series of technology white pap
ers, "A Revolution Is Upon Us," can be found in the current issues of the pu
blications Computerworld, InformationWeek, InfoWorld, Inter@ctive Week and e
Week.
--
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那么，
一切都在意料之中。
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